State Responsibility for Human Rights Violations in the Rohingya Crisis under International Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19655757Keywords:
Public International Law, Human Rights Violations, Ethnic Rohingya ProtectionAbstract
Public international law, commonly known as the law of nations, is a legal framework that emphasizes the relationships between states. It acts as a set of rules applicable in the international context. In this domain, there exist global relations among states, as well as disputes that can disturb the interactions between the involved nations and impact international relations overall. This is particularly evident in the case of human rights violations against the Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar. The Rohingya, who have lived in Myanmar for many years, are not recognized as citizens by the Myanmar government. The numerous human rights abuses occurring are in clear violation of fundamental principles of international law. The aim of this research is to explain and analyze international human rights regulations concerning the protection of the Rohingya, while also identifying the various obstacles in efforts to provide protection and resolve the human rights violations that have occurred. This study employs a normative legal methodology through legislative, case, and analytical approaches. The results indicate that legal protection for the Rohingya ethnic group, as outlined in international human rights instruments, has not been achieved, mainly due to several challenges in addressing the root causes of human rights violations in Myanmar. A significant barrier is the unwillingness of the Myanmar government to address the abuses faced by the Rohingya. Given the lack of commitment from the Myanmar government to resolve this issue, the UN has condemned the situation and has sought to implement humanitarian intervention to address the serious human rights violations against the Rohingya. Thus, this paper aims to clarify the obligations that the Myanmar government should fulfill in safeguarding human rights and to identify the obstacles that hinder the resolution of human rights violations against the Rohingya.
References
Adolf, Huala. Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Internasional. (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2020).
Ali, Zezen Zainul, et al. "Navigating Social Piety and State Stability in Indonesia’s Response to the Rohingya Refugee Crisis." Human Rights in the Global South (HRGS) 3, no. 2 (2024): 189-208.
Arianta, Ketut, Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku, and Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini. "Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kaum Etnis Rohingya dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional." Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia 3, no. 2 (2020): 166-176.
Badescu, Cristina. Humanitarian Intervention and The Responsibility to Protect: Security and Human Rights. (London: Routledge, 2010).
Ebbighausen, Rodion. “Tidak Ada Perspektif bagi Warga Muslim Rohingya di Myanmar”, DW Online, August 8, 2022. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/id/tidak-ada-perspektif-bagi-warga-rohingya-di-myanmar/a-62913650
Franciska, Christine. “Foto-foto 'penyiksaan kaum Rohingya': yang palsu dan yang asli”, BBC Indonesia, November 23, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/trensosial-38074272
Gunawan, Yordan, Carissa Shifa Novendra, and Aldha Febrila. "Indonesia's Responsibility Towards Rohingya Refugees: Analysis of the 1951 Refugee Convention." Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 32, no. 2 (2024): 182-194.
Itasari, Endah Rantau. "Memaksimalkan Peran Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia 1976 (TAC) dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa di ASEAN." Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 1, no. 1 (2015): 14-23.
Kasim, Ifdhal, and Johanes da Masenus Arus (eds). Hak Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya (Esai-Esai Pilihan Buku 2: Budaya). (Jakarta: eLSAM, 2001).
Kurniawan, Nalom. "Kasus Rohingya dan Tanggung Jawab Negara dalam Penegakan Hak Asasi Manusia." Jurnal Konstitusi 14, no. 4 (2017): 880-905.
Mahadevi, Ayisha, et al. "Implementasi Hal Asasi Manusia Internasional dalam Pemenuhan Asas Membership oleh Myanmar Kepada Etnis Rohingya." PARAPOLITIKA: Journal of Politics and Democracy Studies 3, no. 2 (2022): 142-157.
Mangku, Dewa Gede Sudika. "Pemenuhan Hak Asasi Manusia kepada Etnis Rohingya di Myanmar." Perspektif Hukum 3, no. 1 (2021): 1-15.
Midriyan, Arzaina, et al. "Penegakan Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia." Karimah Tauhid 2, no. 1 (2023): 249-255.
Muttaqin, Entol Zaenal. "Indonesia's Protection of Rohingya Refugees and Regional Geopolitical Principles." Lampung Journal of International Law 6, no. 1 (2024): 41-54.
Putra, Ketut Alit, Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini, and Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku. "Analisis Tindak Kejahatan Genosida oleh Myanmar Kepada Etnis Rohingnya Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hukum Pidana Internasional." Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia 1, no. 1 (2018): 66-76.
Rasyid, Sulaiman, et al. "The Role of Indonesian Diplomacy in Managing the Conflict between The Myanmar Government and The Rohingya Muslim Ethnic." Unnes Law Journal 8, no. 1 (2022): 159-178.
Renanda, Vella Septia, et al. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kaum Rohingya dalam Perspektif HAM dan Hukum Internasional." SIBATIK JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Sosial, Ekonomi, Budaya, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan 2.1 (2022): 143-152.
Robertson, Geoffrey. Crimes Against Humanity: The Struggle for Global Justice. (London: Penguin UK, 2006).
Roht-Arriaza, Naomi. "State Responsibility to Investigate and Prosecute Grave Human Rights Violations in International Law." California Law Review 78 no. 2 (1990): 449-513.
Setiyani, Setiyani, and Joko Setiyono. "Penerapan Prinsip Pertanggungjawaban Negara Terhadap Kasus Pelanggaran HAM Etnis Rohingya di Myanmar." Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2020): 261-274.
Shaw, Malcolm N. International Law. (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2017).
Silitonga, Tatar Bonar. "Tantangan Globalisasi, Peran Negara, dan Implikasinya Terhadap Aktualisasi Nilai-Nilai Ideologi Negara." Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan 17, no. 1 (2020): 15-28.
Syofyan, Ahmad. International Law. (Bandar Lampung: Center for Constitutional and Legislative Studies, 2022).
Thontowi, Jawahir. Hukum Internasional Kontemporer. (Bandung: Rafika Press, 2007).
Utama, I. Gede Angga Adi, Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku, and Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini. "Yurisdiksi International Criminal Court (ICC) Dalam Penyelesaian Kasus Rohingnya dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional." Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia 3, no. 3 (2020): 208-219.
Utami, Mumpuni Tri. "The Implementation of Non-Refoulement Principle in Case of Rohingnya." The Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and Legisprudence 1, no. 2 (2020): 197-222.
Zahed, Iqthyer Uddin Md. "Responsibility to protect? The international community’s failure to protect the Rohingya." Asian Affairs 52, no. 4 (2021): 934-957.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Faridatul Istiqomah, Ethan Surya Fajar Mahardhika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles published in the Sangia Nibandera Law Research are made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). By submitting a manuscript to the journal, authors agree to the terms outlined below regarding the distribution, use, and sharing of their work. All writings published in this journal are the personal views of the authors and do not represent the views of this journal and the author's affiliated institutions. Author(s) retain copyrights under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
